The flood usually happens shortly before or after the earthquake, or accords with the foreshock and aftershock. 洪涝的发生时间有可能与震链的后震或前震比较接近，或与震链推移之进程基本吻合，反映了链程中的场态效应。
Even in areas where foreshocks are fairly common, there is no way of distinguishing a foreshock from an independent earthquake. 即使是在前震相当普遍的地区，也无法将前震与独立地震区分开来。
