The term of chronic irritation as a carcinogen is so vague that it is not easy to discuss. 慢性刺激作为致癌因子，其意义是如此含糊以致不易加以讨论。
Mucin in the urine might be a sign of this disease, especially in patients who also have chronic irritation of the renal pelvis. 尿液中发现黏液性物质，尤其在肾盂存在某些慢性刺激的病患，可能是一个有意义的徵兆。
